英语高考阅读填空命题分析及训练策略探究 命题策略

英语高考阅读填空命题分析及训练策略探究

2. 文章结构 阅读填空文章的结构主要为“总—分”和“总—分—总”。

（1）描述性结构，主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点， 对人物的描述如传记，包括身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、 个性爱好和成就贡献等内容，因此时间、地点往往是出题重 点。

（2）释义性结构，解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要 用例子比喻类比阐述。（3）比较性结构，把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺 点进行对比。

（4）原因性结构，主要分析事物的成因，客观的、主 观的、直接的、间接的。

（5）驳斥性结构，主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其 评论或驳斥，再分析其优缺点、危害性，最后阐明自己的观 点。

二、阅读填空的解题思路和技巧 1. 通读全文，查看主题句，分析结构 快速阅读全文要点词句，包括首尾段、首尾句、独立成 段的句子以及文章中带转折词的句子等，掌握文章的主要内 容，看清文章的结构。

2. 根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略 （1）空格为标题（包括小标题）。标题的特点是短小 精悍，且多为名词性短语或祈使句。先根据这一特点缩小范围，再选出与文章主题相符的选项，如果是小标题则选出与 其所属文段的大意一致的选项。

例：
16 You don’t show your secret personality when you are awake because you can control your behavior， but when you are asleep，your sleeping position shows the real you. A. You’re quite shy and you aren’t quite sure of yourself. B. You know your strengths and weakness. C. Normally people seldom change their sleeping position D. Everyone has got two personalities —the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real . E. Maybe you don’t want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up.F. You usually live for today not tomorrow. G. In a normal night，of course，people frequently change their positions. （3）空格出现在段中。这时要根据空格前后的句子意 思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答 案。

例：If you sleep on your side， you have usually got a well—balanced personality. 20 . You’re usually careful . You believe in yourself. You sometimes feel anxious ，but you don’t often get sad. You always say what you think even if it makes people rather angry. A. You’re quite shy and you aren’t quite sure of yourself B. You know your strengths and weakness C. Normally people seldom change their sleepingposition D. Everyone has got two personalities— the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real E. Maybe you don’t want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up F. You usually live for today not tomorrow G. In a normal night，of course，people frequently change their positions 例：At first I was paid in candy. 17 I worked every day after school， and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bank account. A. Later I received 50 cents an hour. B. Before long，she let me sit there by myself. C. I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics. D. Today I still carry that lesson with me：
I listen to customers. E. My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility. F. Soon I found myself looking more beautiful thanever before. G. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought. 此题出现在段中，根据段首的At first...，学生可以 先考虑有“Later”的A选项，带入后上下文连贯，意思通顺， 故可以确定答案。

四、备考策略 1. 重视学生的语言积累，为阅读打好“地基” 教师要不断强化学生积累语言的意识，坚持不懈的通过 各种形式检查和巩固学生的积累。同时，要训练学生学会分 析长句，提高对单句的理解能力。

2. 加大英语文章篇章结构的教学力度 在做阅读理解、完形填空这些老题型时，教师可以引导 学生自己进行分析。当学生的做题量积累到一定程度时，教 师要帮助学生对做过的文章进行分类，归纳相关类型文章的 篇章结构特点。

3. 精选题目，强化解题技巧的训练 教师在教授学生解题技巧时，务必要针对不同的策略， 精选练习，节选能应用该策略的一段话，然后选项就设为“二 选一”或“三选一”。只要在平常做题讲题时发现某一段落 可以训练某种阅读填空的解题策略，我们都可以整理出来， 按不同策略进行分门别类。久而久之，就可以形成一个阅读 填空解题策略题库。4. 引导学生自我总结 学生每做完一篇阅读填空，一定要学会总结自己的做题 思路，是否用到了某些解题技巧，效果如何等。学生也可以 根据自己总结出的东西，整理出自己的题库。广东教育·综合